With a diameter of 4879 km at the equator, the planet Mercury is the smallest of the four terrestrial planets in the Solar System. Mercury consists of 70% metal and 30% silicate and has a density of 5.43 g/cm3 in density is only slightly less than that of earth. However, if the pressure effect of gravity is calculated so Mercury is denser than the Earth with an uncompressed density of 5.3 g/cm3 and Mercury Earth is only 4.4 g/cm3.
Mercury is used to infer the density structure. High density created by the Earth's gravity pressure, especially in the nucleus. Mercury, but much smaller and the interior of the earth, so that no such high densities, because the planet is thought to have a large nucleus and high in iron. Experts estimate that the Earth Mercury nucleus occupies 42% of the volume (the Earth's core occupies only 17% of the volume of the Earth). According to recent research, the core of Mercury is most likely blown.
600 km thick mantle surrounds the core of Mercury and Mercury suspected thick crust 100-200 km. Mercury's surface has many hills are thin, reaching hundreds of miles long. Presumably these hills formed as Mercury's core and mantle cooled and contracted at the time the crust was petrified.
Mercury contains more iron than any other planet in the solar system, and several theories have been proposed to explain. The most widely accepted theory is that Mercury originally had a ratio of metal silicate Kondrit generally similar to meteor and has a mass of about 2.25 times the mass current. But in the early history of the solar system, Mercury, struck by a planetesimal is about one-sixth of its mass. Conflict has been launching more original Mercury's crust and mantle, and leave the nucleus. The same process has also been proposed to explain the creation of the moon.
Another theory states that Mercury may have formed from the solar nebula before the Sun's energy output was stabilized. Mercury originally had a mass twice that of present but mengambangnya protomatahari, the temperature throughout the mercury can reach approximately 2500-3500 Kelvin and can reach 10 000 Kelvin. Most of the surface of Mercury will evaporate at temperatures thus making it a "rock vapor" which can be blown by the wind solar
A third theory proposes that cause drag on the particles from which Mercury is formed so that the lighter particles of matter pengimbuhan absent. Each of these theories predicts a different surface composition. Two future space missions, Messenger and BepiColombo will test these theories.
Exterior
Mercury is the planet that sterile. A rocky surface and there are many craters. Kaloris is the largest crater on the planet. Kaloris midline about 1,300 km.
Mercury vapor atmosphere is composed of sodium and potassium that are too thin, so it is sometimes considered is the planet atmosphere. Consequently, there is no air to absorb heat from the sun.
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